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jeffery.xu

软件工程师

欢迎访问我的个人笔记网站！我是一名热爱技术的开发者，专注于Web开发和技术分享。

811495111@qq.com

18521510875

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软考新框架form 新框架小技巧网站经验生活经验设计模式 C#本质论工作记录明末计划总结 java学习英语

microsoft.web.ui.controls 的 treeview 控件绑定问题

工作笔记

周五遇到一个问题，treeview控件绑定菜单数据，当菜单节点过少的时候，报错了。仔细查找了好久，找不到原因。只知道databind()就报错了。查看了报错日志，发现有Page.url报错，甚是奇怪。最后反编译了dll,找到了问题。问题在于下面这个方法：

控件的 ReadXmlSrc 先把 TreeNodeSrc 当作 URI 去读取（GetXmlReaderFromUri）；只有当该 URI 读取抛异常时才回退到把字符串当 XML（GetXmlReaderFromString）。
当节点较少时，编码后的相对 URI 比较短，请求成功返回了内容（或服务器对短 URL 做了特殊处理），解析器就直接在那个输入流上解析并在 DTD/属性处报错 —— 因为那不是一个纯净的 XML 输入（被当作 URL 处理后产生了问题）。
当节点很多时，编码后的 URL 变得更长或触发服务器拒绝/超时等错误，导致 GetXmlReaderFromUri 抛出异常，代码走到 catch 分支再用字符串解析，这样就不会触发 URI 路径上的那类错误，所以看起来“节点多反而不报错”。微软的控件真是一言难尽

2025-10-21

工作记录

查看

青岛旅游总结

生活经验

一、基础信息

出行时间：2024 年 09 月 20 日 - 09 月 24 日（周六 - 周三）

旅游方式：出发9月20日06：25的吉祥航空HO1075 大约8:20分至青岛, 返程9月24日18：25的东方航空MU5524,21点到家

住宿地点：延安三路青岛丽天大酒店（核心住宿点，便于辐射多景点）

交通核心：以地铁 2 号线、3 号线为主要通勤线路，辅以公交、打车，部分远途景点（如崂山）选择跟团

必备物品：舒适运动鞋（多步行）、充电宝（可选）、自拍杆（可选）、手机交通卡（全国联通）、滴滴等打车软件、百度地图

二、分日详情

Day1（09.20 周六）：老城区人文 + 海滨初体验

1. 行程与交通（精准耗时 / 路线）

事项	时间	交通方式	耗时	备注
前往青岛站	10:30-11:00	3 号线→青岛站	约 20 分钟
青岛站→天主教堂	11:00-11:30	步行	约 30 分钟	可顺路看海滨街景
天主教堂→栈桥景区	12:30-13:30	步行	约 15 分钟	饭后散步前往
栈桥→海军博物馆	13:30-15:00	步行	约 20 分钟	参观海军博物馆
海军博物馆→鲁迅公园	15:00-16:00	步行	海军博物馆旁	红礁石海岸随走随停
鲁迅公园→小青岛公园	16:00-17:00	步行	海军博物馆旁	免费，有灯塔，步行
小青岛公园→小鱼山	17:00-17:30	打车	约15分钟	小山坡，可拍照
小鱼山公园→大杰海鲜	17:30-20:30	打车	约15分钟	和朋友一起用餐
大杰海鲜→酒店	20:30-21:30	地铁	地铁2转3

2. 实用提醒

天主教堂：拍照，没必要入内

栈桥景区：回澜阁不进入，人很多，到处是人

海军博物馆：有退役军舰可以登，还有博物馆内容4个展馆，看完1个半小时左右，旁边就是小青岛公园和鲁迅公园，在海边，可拍照留念。

3. 用餐

中午，同学请我们在教堂边的前海沿用餐。初尝青岛的饺子，海肠捞饭，胶东炒八带（八带是鱿鱼）

晚上，大杰海鲜。尝蒸海鲜，喝青岛原浆。

Day2（09.21 周日）：崂山跟团 + 新城区夜景

1. 行程与交通

事项	时间	交通方式	耗时	备注
酒店→崂山风景区	07:30-16:00	跟团大巴	7:40出发，15：30返程，4点15到五四广场	午餐自理，建议带便携食品 / 水
崂山→五四广场	16:00-18:00	跟团大巴返程	约 1 小时
晚餐	18:00-19:00	步行
五四广场→奥帆中心→酒店	19:00-21:30	步行	约 15-20 分钟	五四广场 “五月的风” ，情人坝，奥帆中心，周边很多小店

2. 实用提醒

崂山跟团：先到仰口，索道单程35/人，双程70/人。中午在一个村庄吃自己带的食物，下午太清宫，出海150/人，出海我不太建议，就是坐半小时船，有点晕，还贵。

奥帆中心：情人坝适合看落日 / 夜景

3. 用餐

晚餐：开海，青岛菜

Day3（09.22 周一）：方特梦幻王国欢乐日

1. 行程与交通

事项	时间	交通方式	耗时	备注
酒店→方特梦幻王国	08:30-09:30	地铁	约 1 小时 15 分钟	出地铁后需步行
方特梦幻王国游玩	09:30-17:00	园区内步行	全天
方特→酒店	18:00-19:30	按原路线返回（地铁 3 号线 + 8 号线）	约 1 小时 30 分钟	返程可在地铁口附近简单用餐，缓解疲惫

2. 实用提醒

园区必备：穿舒适运动鞋（日均步行 2 万 + 步），带充电宝、雨具（9 月可能有阵雨），园区内餐饮价格较高，可自带零食

项目规划：火流星过于刺激，飞越极限，魔法城堡很棒，聊斋，白蛇传一般，生命之光昏昏欲睡，猴王很热闹。秦陵地宫差评未建完。唐古拉雪山是小过山车，不刺激。逃出恐龙岛是激流勇进。

门票信息：方特门票450元 /双人，网购

3. 用餐

晚饭船小鲜

Day4（09.23 周二）：极地海洋公园 + 八大关+第二海水浴场+第三海水浴场

1. 行程与交通

事项	时间	交通方式	耗时	备注
酒店→极地海洋公园	09:00-09:45	打车	约 45 分钟	13元
海洋公园游玩	09:45-13:00	园区内步行	约 3.5 小时	看表演
酒店休息	13:00-17:30	打车（11 元）	约 20-35 分钟
酒店→八大关	18:30-19:00	公交	约 25-30 分钟
八大关→第二海水浴场→第三海水浴场→酒店	19:00-21:00	步行	2小时	看风景，踩海，看灯光秀

2. 实用提醒

海洋公园：表演时间表可提前在官方公众号查询，避免错过；魔幻海洋值得一看，其他一般。

八大关晚上很一般，第二海水浴场没人，不如直接第三海水浴场

3. 用餐

晚饭鱼汤馄饨+排骨米饭

Day5（09.24 周三）：啤酒博物馆 +中山公园（动物园）+ 返程

1. 行程与交通

事项	时间	交通方式	耗时	备注
酒店→啤酒博物馆	09:00-10:40	打车（10元）	约 38 分钟	纯喝
啤酒博物馆→中山公园	10:40-12:00	打车（10元）	约 2.5 小时	参观动物园
中山公园→双和园	12:00-14:00	吃饭	约 2 小时
机场	15:30-18:25	办理值机、安检	约 1.5 小时

2. 实用提醒

啤酒博物馆：1903 酒吧啤酒品尝限 18 岁以上，可免费领取啤酒豆；馆内纪念商品（如定制啤酒杯）可按需购买

返程注意：机场距市区较远，1.5小时路程

3. 用餐

午饭和同学一起吃双合园，推荐

三、提前预约

海军博物馆，免费

方特，双人票450元，地铁口雨衣参考，只有逃出恐龙岛有用（激流勇进）

崂山风景区，双人276

海洋公园，双人499

啤酒博物馆，有很多套餐，我选了带小食的107，我家宝子选了多种啤酒的，123，喝不完根本喝不完。

2025-09-25

总结

查看

Pandas快速入门1

软考

import pandas as pd
df=pd.read_excel('team.xlsx')
df

	name	team	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
0	Liver	E	89	21	24	64
1	Arry	C	36	37	37	57
2	Ack	A	57	60	18	84
3	Eorge	C	93	96	71	78
4	Oah	D	65	49	61	86
...	...	...	...	...	...	...
95	Gabriel	C	48	59	87	74
96	Austin7	C	21	31	30	43
97	Lincoln4	C	98	93	1	20
98	Eli	E	11	74	58	91
99	Ben	E	21	43	41	74

100 rows × 6 columns

df.head()

	name	team	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
0	Liver	E	89	21	24	64
1	Arry	C	36	37	37	57
2	Ack	A	57	60	18	84
3	Eorge	C	93	96	71	78
4	Oah	D	65	49	61	86

df.tail()

	name	team	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
95	Gabriel	C	48	59	87	74
96	Austin7	C	21	31	30	43
97	Lincoln4	C	98	93	1	20
98	Eli	E	11	74	58	91
99	Ben	E	21	43	41	74

df.sample(5)

	name	team	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
27	Finley	D	62	73	84	68
0	Liver	E	89	21	24	64
32	Alexander	C	91	76	26	79
16	Joshua	A	63	4	80	30
73	Elliot	C	15	17	76	22

df.shape

(100, 6)

df.info()

<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 100 entries, 0 to 99
Data columns (total 6 columns):
 #   Column  Non-Null Count  Dtype 
---  ------  --------------  ----- 
 0   name    100 non-null    object
 1   team    100 non-null    object
 2   Q1      100 non-null    int64 
 3   Q2      100 non-null    int64 
 4   Q3      100 non-null    int64 
 5   Q4      100 non-null    int64 
dtypes: int64(4), object(2)
memory usage: 4.8+ KB

df.describe()

	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
count	100.000000	100.000000	100.000000	100.000000
mean	49.200000	52.550000	52.670000	52.780000
std	29.962603	29.845181	26.543677	27.818524
min	1.000000	1.000000	1.000000	2.000000
25%	19.500000	26.750000	29.500000	29.500000
50%	51.500000	49.500000	55.000000	53.000000
75%	74.250000	77.750000	76.250000	75.250000
max	98.000000	99.000000	99.000000	99.000000

df.dtypes

name    object
team    object
Q1       int64
Q2       int64
Q3       int64
Q4       int64
dtype: object

df.axes

[RangeIndex(start=0, stop=100, step=1),
 Index(['name', 'team', 'Q1', 'Q2', 'Q3', 'Q4'], dtype='object')]

df.columns

Index(['name', 'team', 'Q1', 'Q2', 'Q3', 'Q4'], dtype='object')

df.set_index('name',inplace=True)

df.head()

	team	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
name
Liver	E	89	21	24	64
Arry	C	36	37	37	57
Ack	A	57	60	18	84
Eorge	C	93	96	71	78
Oah	D	65	49	61	86

df['Q1']
df.Q1

name
Liver       89
Arry        36
Ack         57
Eorge       93
Oah         65
            ..
Gabriel     48
Austin7     21
Lincoln4    98
Eli         11
Ben         21
Name: Q1, Length: 100, dtype: int64

df[['team','Q1']]

	team	Q1
name
Liver	E	89
Arry	C	36
Ack	A	57
Eorge	C	93
Oah	D	65
...	...	...
Gabriel	C	48
Austin7	C	21
Lincoln4	C	98
Eli	E	11
Ben	E	21

100 rows × 2 columns

df.loc[:,['team','Q1']]

	team	Q1
name
Liver	E	89
Arry	C	36
Ack	A	57
Eorge	C	93
Oah	D	65
...	...	...
Gabriel	C	48
Austin7	C	21
Lincoln4	C	98
Eli	E	11
Ben	E	21

100 rows × 2 columns

df[df.index=='Liver']

	team	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
name
Liver	E	89	21	24	64

df[0:3]

	team	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
name
Liver	E	89	21	24	64
Arry	C	36	37	37	57
Ack	A	57	60	18	84

df[0:10:2]

	team	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
name
Liver	E	89	21	24	64
Ack	A	57	60	18	84
Oah	D	65	49	61	86
Acob	B	61	95	94	8
Reddie	D	64	93	57	72

df.iloc[:10,:]

	team	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
name
Liver	E	89	21	24	64
Arry	C	36	37	37	57
Ack	A	57	60	18	84
Eorge	C	93	96	71	78
Oah	D	65	49	61	86
Harlie	C	24	13	87	43
Acob	B	61	95	94	8
Lfie	A	9	10	99	37
Reddie	D	64	93	57	72
Oscar	A	77	9	26	67

df.loc['Ben','Q1':'Q4']

Q1    21
Q2    43
Q3    41
Q4    74
Name: Ben, dtype: object

df.loc['Eorge':'Alexander','team':'Q4']

	team	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
name
Eorge	C	93	96	71	78
Oah	D	65	49	61	86
Harlie	C	24	13	87	43
Acob	B	61	95	94	8
Lfie	A	9	10	99	37
Reddie	D	64	93	57	72
Oscar	A	77	9	26	67
Leo	B	17	4	33	79
Logan	B	9	89	35	65
Archie	C	83	89	59	68
Theo	C	51	86	87	27
Thomas	B	80	48	56	41
James	E	48	77	52	11
Joshua	A	63	4	80	30
Henry	A	91	15	75	17
William	C	80	68	3	26
Max	E	97	75	41	3
Lucas	A	60	41	77	62
Ethan	D	79	45	89	88
Arthur	A	44	53	42	40
Mason	D	80	96	26	49
Isaac	E	74	23	28	65
Harrison	B	89	13	18	75
Teddy	E	71	91	21	48
Finley	D	62	73	84	68
Daniel	C	50	50	72	61
Riley	E	35	26	59	83
Edward	B	57	38	86	87
Joseph	E	67	87	87	93
Alexander	C	91	76	26	79

df[df.Q1>90]

	team	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
name
Eorge	C	93	96	71	78
Henry	A	91	15	75	17
Max	E	97	75	41	3
Alexander	C	91	76	26	79
Elijah	B	97	89	15	46
Ryan	E	92	70	64	31
Aaron	A	96	75	55	8
Lincoln4	C	98	93	1	20

df[df.team=='C']

	team	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
name
Arry	C	36	37	37	57
Eorge	C	93	96	71	78
Harlie	C	24	13	87	43
Archie	C	83	89	59	68
Theo	C	51	86	87	27
William	C	80	68	3	26
Daniel	C	50	50	72	61
Alexander	C	91	76	26	79
Adam	C	90	32	47	39
Sebastian	C	1	14	68	48
Tommy	C	29	44	28	76
Jake3	C	69	23	11	40
Ollie3	C	10	76	30	36
Matthew	C	44	33	41	98
Elliot	C	15	17	76	22
Ellis	C	34	34	77	42
Calum	C	14	91	16	82
Louis2	C	13	94	51	22
Connor	C	62	38	63	46
Gabriel	C	48	59	87	74
Austin7	C	21	31	30	43
Lincoln4	C	98	93	1	20

df[df.index=='Oscar']

	team	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
name
Oscar	A	77	9	26	67

df[(df['Q1']>90)&(df['team']=='C')]

	team	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
name
Eorge	C	93	96	71	78
Alexander	C	91	76	26	79
Lincoln4	C	98	93	1	20

df[df['team']=='C'].loc[df.Q1>90]

	team	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
name
Eorge	C	93	96	71	78
Alexander	C	91	76	26	79
Lincoln4	C	98	93	1	20

df.sort_values(by='Q1')

	team	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
name
Sebastian	C	1	14	68	48
Harley	B	2	99	12	13
Liam	B	2	80	24	25
Lewis	B	4	34	77	28
Finn	E	4	1	55	32
...	...	...	...	...	...
Eorge	C	93	96	71	78
Aaron	A	96	75	55	8
Max	E	97	75	41	3
Elijah	B	97	89	15	46
Lincoln4	C	98	93	1	20

100 rows × 5 columns

df.sort_values(by='Q1', ascending=False)

	team	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
name
Lincoln4	C	98	93	1	20
Max	E	97	75	41	3
Elijah	B	97	89	15	46
Aaron	A	96	75	55	8
Eorge	C	93	96	71	78
...	...	...	...	...	...
Lewis	B	4	34	77	28
Finn	E	4	1	55	32
Harley	B	2	99	12	13
Liam	B	2	80	24	25
Sebastian	C	1	14	68	48

100 rows × 5 columns

df.sort_values(['team','Q1'],ascending=[True,False])

	team	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
name
Aaron	A	96	75	55	8
Henry	A	91	15	75	17
Nathan	A	87	77	62	13
Dylan	A	86	87	65	20
Blake	A	78	23	93	9
...	...	...	...	...	...
Eli	E	11	74	58	91
Jude	E	8	45	13	65
Rory9	E	8	12	58	27
Jackson5	E	6	10	15	33
Finn	E	4	1	55	32

100 rows × 5 columns

df.groupby('team').sum()

	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
team
A	1066	639	875	783
B	975	1218	1202	1136
C	1056	1194	1068	1127
D	860	1191	1241	1199
E	963	1013	881	1033

df.groupby('team').mean()

	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
team
A	62.705882	37.588235	51.470588	46.058824
B	44.318182	55.363636	54.636364	51.636364
C	48.000000	54.272727	48.545455	51.227273
D	45.263158	62.684211	65.315789	63.105263
E	48.150000	50.650000	44.050000	51.650000

df.groupby('team').agg({'Q1':'sum','Q2':'count','Q3':'mean','Q4':'max'})

	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4
team
A	1066	17	51.470588	97
B	975	22	54.636364	99
C	1056	22	48.545455	98
D	860	19	65.315789	99
E	963	20	44.050000	98

df.groupby('team').sum().T

team	A	B	C	D	E
Q1	1066	975	1056	860	963
Q2	639	1218	1194	1191	1013
Q3	875	1202	1068	1241	881
Q4	783	1136	1127	1199	1033

2025-09-18

软考

查看

IIFE

工作笔记

(function () { … })() 是 JavaScript 中常见的一种模式，称为 IIFE（Immediately‑Invoked Function Expression，立即执行函数表达式）。下面分点解释并给出示例。
1. 目的（为什么用）
• 建立独立作用域：函数内部的变量不会污染全局命名空间。
• 封装私有变量/方法：可以把实现细节隐藏，只暴露需要的接口。
• 立即执行初始化逻辑（模块初始化、事件绑定等）。
• 可安全传入全局对象（如 window、jQuery）作局部引用，性能与兼容性更好。

2025-09-18

工作记录

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Edge下打开IE的开发工具

工作笔记

%systemroot%\system32\f12\IEChooser.exe

2025-09-16

工作记录

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耦合性

软考

耦合类型	描述
非直接耦合	两个模块之间没有直接关系，它们之间的联系完全是通过主模块的控制和调用来实现的
数据耦合	一组模块借助参数表传递简单数据
标记耦合	一组模块通过参数表传递记录信息（数据结构）
控制耦合	模块之间传递的信息中包含用于控制模块内部逻辑的信息
外部耦合	一组模块都访问同一全局简单变量，而且不是通过参数表传递该全局变量的信息
公共耦合	多个模块都访问同一个公共数据环境
内容耦合	一个模块直接访问另一个模块的内部数据；一个模块不通过正常入口转到另一个模块的内部；两个模块有一部分程序代码重叠；一个模块有多个入口

非直接耦合：两个模块之间没有直接关系，它们之间的联系完全是通过主模块的控制和调用来实现的。

数据耦合：一个模块访问另一个模块时，彼此之间是通过简单数据参数（不是控制参数、公共数据结构或外部变量）来交换输入、输出信息的。

标记耦合：一组模块通过参数表传递记录信息，就是标记耦合。这个记录是某一数据结构的子结构，而不是简单变量。其实传递的是这个数据结构的地址；

控制耦合：如果一个模块通过传送开关、标志、名字等控制信息，明显地控制选择另一模块的功能，就是控制耦合。

外部耦合：一组模块都访问同一全局简单变量而不是同一全局数据结构，而且不是通过参数表传递该全局变量的信息，则称之为外部耦合。

公共耦合：若一组模块都访问同一个公共数据环境，则它们之间的耦合就称为公共耦合。公共的数据环境可以是全局数据结构、共享的通信区、内存的公共覆盖区等。

内容耦合：如果发生下列情形，两个模块之间就发生了内容耦合。（1）一个模块直接访问另一个模块的内部数据；（2）一个模块不通过正常入口转到另一模块内部；（3）两个模块有一部分程序代码重叠（只可能出现在汇编语言中）；（4）一个模块有多个入口。

2025-09-09

软考

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News

英语

A parade and a summit in China underscore how European security will never be the same again

This week, Russian President Vladimir Putin had a clear message for Ukraine and its European allies: Moscow can keep going, because we have powerful friends.

The Russian leader stood shoulder to shoulder at various events in China with the men who have enabled him to wage his war on Ukraine for as long and as ferociously as he has: China’s leader Xi Jinping, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian and North Korea’s Kim Jong Un.

More than three years into what Putin once thought would be a quick takeover of his much smaller and weaker neighbor, Russia would be unable to sustain the fight without Chinese and Indian money, Iranian weapons and, to a lesser extent, manpower from North Korea.

But the messaging from both the summit and military parade hosted by China this week went well beyond the war in Ukraine.

Russian President Vladimir Putin, Chinese leader Xi Jinping and North Korean leader Kim Jong Un arrive at the Tiananmen Gate for a military parade in Beijing on September 3, 2025.

cnsphoto/Reuters

The leaders who gathered in China may not agree on everything. Some of them may not even like each other very much. But they are seeing the opportunity of a lifetime to end Western dominance of the global stage. And Europe fears it could be in the firing line.

The events provided a stark visual reminder of why Europe must rethink its security. It has spent recent years trying to isolate Russia’s leader and starve its economy, while also coming to terms with the fact that the United States may no longer be the ally it can always turn to.

Yet there was Putin, standing together with some of the world’s most powerful men, reaffirming their friendships.

“Russia is trying to demonstrate that even though it has been isolated from the Western world, it still has partners and allies which are economically strong countries… And this isolation doesn‘t mean that the Russian economy will crumble or that Russia will be unable to sustain its war effort,” Natia Seskuria, an associate fellow at the Royal United Services Institute (RUSI), told CNN.

The international order that was set after the end of the Cold War is clearly at risk of unraveling.

The US has been retreating from the global stage under President Donald Trump and his “America First” agenda. Meanwhile, Europe is battling its own demons, including a surge in far-right nationalism and economic pressures.

Russia, China, India and other countries that did not like the idea of a US-dominated world suddenly saw an opening.

“The established dominance of the Western alliance in international affairs is receding, and they see the opportunity to start to, in a serious way, re-engineer the international system,” John Lough, head of foreign policy at the New Eurasian Strategies Centre think tank, told CNN.

This week has laid these ambitions bare for everyone, including Trump, to see.

Trump did get the message. “Please give my warmest regards to Vladimir Putin, and Kim Jong Un, as you conspire against The United States of America,” he wrote in a message to Xi.

Strings attached

Despite all the recent hand holding and smiles, China’s and India’s approach to Russia’s war in Ukraine is dominated by pragmatism, analysts say.

The two consistently profess their neutrality on the war – while at the same time fueling it by providing financial lifelines to Russia.

China and India were more than happy to step in when Ukraine’s Western allies slapped sanctions on Russian oil, a key moneymaker for Moscow.

From left: Chinese leader Xi Jinping, Russian President Vladimir Putin and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi prior to the BRICS Summit plenary session in Russia in 2024.

Maxim Shipenkov/AP

They get cheaper energy supplies as a result, but experts say the relationship is not just about the money.

While neither China nor India is willing to enter into a direct confrontation with the West, both are happy to see Russia pushing an anti-Western agenda.

“China is much closer to Russia when it comes to multipolarity and decreasing the Western influence in general. There is an ideological affinity and there is a pure economic interest as well,” Seskuria said.

Lough said Russia’s push against the US-dominated world order also plays well into the Indian narrative. “I think the Indians are not unhappy to see Russia pushing this agenda of fighting the corner of the Global South and ensuring that the system of global governance is adapted to accommodate the rising economies with large populations,” he told CNN.

Beijing and Delhi are now the world’s two largest buyers of Russian oil and coal, with China also being the second-biggest buyer of Russia’s gas and oil products.

The support goes beyond just oil. According to the US Treasury, both Chinese and Indian companies have been supplying Russia with so-called dual-use technologies, or components that can be used for both civilian and military purposes, such as chips or telecommunication equipment that Russia cannot get elsewhere because of Western sanctions.

“You only have to look at the number of Chinese components in the Russian drones that are landing in Ukraine to see that China is really a very important supplier,” Lough added.

Meanwhile, Ukraine and its European allies are not willing to dismiss India and China completely, because they are aware that, if anyone can put real pressure on Putin to end the war – in the absence of tougher action from Trump – it is likely Beijing and, perhaps to a lesser extent, New Delhi.

North Korea and Iran, meanwhile, have stood firmly on Russia’s side. Already sanctioned and isolated by the West over their nuclear programs and other activities, they have little to lose.

Iran was particularly helpful to Moscow in the early months of the war, providing it with know-how on lessening the pain of sanctions, Lough said.

Crucially, Iran also provided much-needed military hardware, including the one weapon that has significantly altered the way Moscow fights in Ukraine – the Shahed drone.

The two countries even signed a new partnership agreement and launched joint military drills.

Russia's President Vladimir Putin shakes hands with Iran's President Masoud Pezeshkian during a meeting in Tianjin, China, on Monday.

Alexander Kazakov/AFP/Pool/Getty Images

Yet Tehran has learned the hard way that any alliance with Russia has clear limits.

Putin did not come to Iran’s assistance when it came under attack from Israel and, later, the US this summer. And beyond providing a safe way out for former Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, formerly a key ally for both Russia and Iran, Putin did not intervene when Assad’s regime was overthrown in December.

For North Korea, isolated and impoverished, the relationship with Russia remains purely transactional, Seskuria said. Russia needs men, and North Korea is possibly the only country that can afford in a political sense to send its own people to fight in a war that has been marked by an enormously high casualty rate on the Russian side.

“They don’t have much to lose, in a sense that there is no public opinion or any resistance that can go against the decision of Kim to send troops to Ukraine,” Seskuria said.

Pragmatism above everything?

The warm welcome Putin received in China, coupled with the military and diplomatic might on display during the summit and the military parade, was designed to convey a message.

“Here we have this symbol of a group of countries that are not best friends as such, but have common strategic interests and that are able to align and they’re able to show to the US and its allies that they are a force to be reckoned with,” Lough said.

“This is unsettling, to say the least, and some would say disturbing, but you then have to ask how sustainable is this?” he said.

The shifts the events in China represented did not happen overnight. Europe might have been caught off guard when Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine, but it has changed since then.

People gather at Tiananmen Square in Beijing on September 3, 2025, for a military parade marking the 80th anniversary of Japan's defeat in World War II.

In Pictures: China's 80th Victory Day Parade

23 photos

People gather at Tiananmen Square in Beijing on September 3, 2025, for a military parade marking the 80th anniversary of Japan's defeat in World War II. Kyodo/Getty Images

“We are starting to see now what the Europeans are made of and in terms of defense developments in Europe, we can see some remarkable changes,” Lough said.

Things that would have been unthinkable just a few years ago – such as Germany changing its constitution to boost defense spending or the staunchly neutral Sweden and Finland joining NATO – are now happening because of the geopolitical shifts that were on display this week.

As much as Putin’s chumminess with Xi and Modi might have sparked some discomfort in many European capitals, the group was brought together by a combination of need, economic pragmatism and opportunity, analysts say.

“It’s a very functional relationship, that is not based on a strong mutual affection. It’s an alliance of interests rather than an alliance of countries,” Lough said, adding that interests can shift, and a lot of things can happen in the next three and half years of the Trump presidency.

“We are not at the stage where it’s kind of suddenly game over, because a bunch of leaders we don’t like have got together in China for a big celebration,” he said.

2025-09-04

英语

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9.2单词

英语

accompany [əˈkʌmpənɪ] vt. 陪伴；伴随，与…同时发生；伴奏

记联想记忆：ac(表加强) + company(同伴；陪伴) → 陪伴；伴随

搭 accompany training 陪练；accompany a singer 伴唱

例 Your enrolment form must be accompanied by the course deposit of$100. 你的登记表和100 美元的课程押金必须一起上交。

accomplish [əˈkʌmplɪʃ] vt. 达到(目的)，完成(任务)，实现(计划、诺言等)

记联想记忆：ac + compl(看作complete，完成) + ish(使…) → 完成

搭 accomplish one's object 达到了某人的目的；accomplish one's mission完成了某人的任务

例 We must accomplish the task before noon. 我们必须在中午之前完成这项任务。

account * [əˈkaʊnt] v. 说明，解释；(在数量、比例方面)占；导致 n. 账，账户；叙述，说明

记联想记忆：ac(表加强) + count(数) → 账目需要一数再数→ 账

搭 take... into account 考虑…；account for 解释，说明(原因等)；(数量等)占；on account of 因为，由于；give sb. an account of 给某人说明或解释(理由)；not on any account 绝对不

例 Coal is expected to account for almost 27 percent of the world's energy needs. 预计对煤炭的需求将几乎占世界能源需求的27%。

accountancy [əˈkaʊntənsi] n. 会计工作，会计职业

例 He works in accountancy since he graduated from university. 他大学毕业后一直从事会计工作。

accountant [əˈkaʊntənt] n. 会计师

记联想记忆：account(账目) + ant(表人) → 管账的人→ 会计师

accredit [əˈkredɪt] vt. 信任，相信，委任，授权；把…归于

记联想记忆：ac + credit(相信) → 信任，相信

例 Scolded by the boss for many times, the young man was accredited as department manager, which is a suddenness for everybody. 这个多次被老板训斥的年轻人却荣升部门经理，这让所有的人都始料不及。

accreditation * [əˌkredɪ ˈteɪʃn] n. 证明合格，鉴定合格

记来自accredit(vt. 委任，授权)

例 Our school has already reached the standards for the accreditation of colleges. 我们学校已经达到了学院资格认定的标准。

accumulate [əˈkjuːmjəleɪt] v. 积累；堆积

记词根记忆：ac(表加强) + cumul(堆积) + ate → 不断堆积→ 积累

搭 accumulate funds 积累资金

例 The debris that accumulated at the foot of the volcano reached a depth, in places, of 200 feet.

堆积在火山脚下的岩屑在一些地方有200 英尺厚。

派 accumulation(n . 积累；堆积物)

accuracy [ˈækjərəsi] n. 准确(性)，精确(性)

记词根记忆：ac(表加强) + cur(注意，关心) + acy → 一再关心，使其精确→准确(性)，精确(性)

例 The technician placed the machine in the correct spot with complete accuracy . 技术员分毫不差地将机器安放在正确的位置。

accurate [ˈækjərət] a. 正确无误的；精确的

例 The forecast was soon proved accurate . 不久，预言就被证明是正确的。

派 inaccurate(a. 错误的，不准确的)

accustom [əˈkʌstəm] vt. 使习惯于

记联想记忆：ac(表加强) + custom(风俗，习惯) →使成为习惯→ 使习惯于

例 If you go abroad for further study, it will take a period of time for you to accustom yourself to the new environment, the new culture and all the new rules and regulations. 如果你出国留学，那么你需要花上一些时间让自己习惯新的环境、新的文化和所有新的规则与制度。

achievement * [əˈtʃiːvmənt] n. 成就，成绩；达到，完成，实现

记来自achieve(v. 达到，完成)

搭 sense of achievement 成就感

例 His achievements spread from the sun and moon to remote galaxies. 他的研究成果从太阳、月亮延伸到遥远的星系。

acid * [ˈæsɪd] n. 酸 a. 酸的；尖刻的

例 DNA is the short form of deoxyribonucleic acid . DNA 是脱氧核糖核酸的缩写形式。

acknowledge [əkˈnɒlɪdʒ] v. 承认，确认；致意；感谢

记联想记忆：ac + know(知道) + ledge → 大家都知道了，所以不得不承认→ 承认

例 Plagiarism is taking other people's work without acknowledging it, that is, without saying where it comes from. 剽窃就是引用了人家的作品却不承认，即不注明出处。

acoustic [əˈkuːstɪk] a. 原声的；声音(学)的；听觉的

例 In the houses near the highway special acoustic seals should be fitted to the doors to reduce noise. 位于公路旁的住房的房门上应该安装专门的隔音封条，以降低噪音。

acquaint [əˈkweɪnt] vt. (使)认识；(使)熟悉

例 Film provides an ideal opportunity to acquaint viewers with something unknown. 电影给观众提供了一个了解未知事物的绝佳机会。

同 inform(v. 通知，告知)

acquaintance [əˈkweɪntəns] n. 熟人；认识，了解

记联想记忆：acquaint( 使熟悉) + ance( 名词后缀) → 熟人；认识

搭 a speaking acquaintance 见面聊几句的朋友；nodding acquaintance 点头之交

例 It was in the United States that I made the acquaintance of Professor Jones. 我是在美国结识琼斯教授的。

acquire * [əˈkwaɪə(r)] vt. 取得，获得

记词根记忆：ac(表加强) + quir(追求) + e → 不断追求才能够获得→ 获得，取得

例 In the process of evolution, monkeys have not acquired the art of speech. 在进化的过程中，猴子未能获得语言能力。

acquisition [ˌækwɪ ˈzɪʃn] n. 取得；获得物

例 Tom's newest acquisition is a luxurious sports car. 汤姆新得了一辆豪华跑车。

acrobat * [ˈækrəbæt] n. 特技演员；杂技演员

记词根记忆：acro(高) + bat(走) → 高空走的人→ 杂技演员

例 They are acrobats with the Albanian State Circus. 他们是阿尔巴尼亚国家马戏团的杂技演员。

acrobatic * [ˌækrəˈbætɪk] a. 杂技的；杂技般的；杂技演员的

例 Jane used to be an acrobatic dancer but three years's ago, she started to learn fencing. 简曾经是一名杂技舞蹈演员，但是三年前她开始学习击剑。

activate * [ˈæktɪveɪt] vt. 激活；使活动，使活化

记词根记忆：act(做) + iv + ate(使…) → 使活跃→ 激活

例 Nicotine in cigarette smoke activates small blood cells that increase the likelihood of blood clots, thereby affecting blood circulation throughout the body. 香烟中的尼古丁会激活小的血细胞，这些血细胞增加了血栓的可能性，从而影响体内的血液循环。

派 activator(n. 催化剂)

actual * [ˈæktʃuəl] a. 实际的；真实的

搭 in actual fact 实际上

例 Is this vase an actual antique or a copy? 这个花瓶是真古董还是赝品？

派 actually(ad. 实际上；居然)

acumen [ˈækjəmən] n. 敏锐；精明

记词根记忆：acu(尖，锐利，酸) + men → 敏锐；精明

例 Sometimes, organizations with sound financial backing, good product ideas and market acumen underperform and fail to meet shareholders' expectations. 有时，拥有雄厚的资金保障、良好的产品理念和对市场的精准把握的公司却表现不佳，不能达到股东们的期望。

acupuncture [ˈækjupʌŋktʃə(r)] n. 针刺疗法，针灸

例 Acupuncture is a kind of Chinese method of treating pain and illness using special thin needles. 针灸是一种中医疗法，通过使用特殊的细针来治疗病痛。

acute [əˈkjuːt] a. 灵敏的；剧烈的，猛烈的

例 Dogs have very acute hearing. 狗的听觉很灵敏。

adapt * [əˈdæpt] v. 使适合；改编；适应

记词根记忆：ad + apt(适合的) → 使适合；适应

搭 adapt to 适应…；adapt from 根据…改编

例 All those older buildings in the city have been adapted for present-day use. 城里的旧建筑已经全部经过改造，以作今日之用。

派 adaptable(a. 能适应的；可修改的)

adaptation [ˌædæpˈteɪʃn] n. 适应；改编；改制物

记联想记忆：adapt(改编；适应) + ation(名词后缀) → 适应；改编

例 The simplicity of Indian ways of life has been judged an evolutionary adaptation to forest ecology. 印第安人的生活方式很简单，这被认为是在进化中适应森林生态环境的结果。

addict [ˈædɪkt] n. 吸毒成瘾的人，有瘾的人，对…入迷的人

例 The most tragical sight of all is the very young addicts . 最悲惨的一幕是目睹那些非常年轻的吸毒者。

addiction * [əˈdɪkʃn] n. 瘾；沉溺

搭 television addiction 看电视上瘾

例 For his severe illness he had to fight his addiction to alcohol. 因为病情严重，他不得不克服自己的酒瘾。

addition * [əˈdɪʃn] n. 加，增加(物)

记联想记忆：add(加) + ition → 加，增加(物)

搭 in addition 另外；in addition to... 除…之外

例 This fruit is a welcome addition to the English diet. 这种添加在英式食谱中的水果很受欢迎。

additional * [əˈdɪʃənl] a. 附加的；追加的

搭 additional charges 附加费用；additional outlay 额外开支；additional cost 额外费用，新增成本

例 In recent years a number of additional countries have subscribed to the Ottawa Charter. 近几年，又有许多国家同意加入《渥太华宪章》。

address * [əˈdres] vt. 致函，写姓名地址；向…讲话，演说；处理，对付 n. 地址；致词

搭 address a letter 给信写上地址；address sb. 向…致词

例 In the marketing course we address all these commercial issues. 在营销课上，我们讨论所有这些商业问题。

adequate * [ˈædɪkwət] a. 充足的；合适的，合格的

记词根记忆：ad(表加强) + equ(平等) + ate → 比平等多的→ 充足的

搭 be adequate for 适合于…

例 Good living habits and adequate health care are critical factors of governing health. 良好的生活习惯和适当的卫生保健是保持健康的关键因素。

派 inadequate(a. 不充足的；不适当的)

adhere * [ədˈhɪə(r)] vi. 黏附；遵守；坚持

记词根记忆：ad(表加强) + her(黏附) + e → 黏附；遵守

搭 adhere to 坚持；黏附；遵守

例 Our firm has a set of standards which adhere to international requirements. 我们公司拥有一套符合国际要求的标准。

adjacent [əˈdʒeɪsnt] a . 邻近的，毗连的

例 People living in houses adjacent to the airport are tormented by noise for years. 住在机场附近的居民常年受到噪音的折磨。

同 adjoining(a. 邻接的)；contiguous(a . 接近的)

反 detached(a. 分开的)；separate(a . 个别的，单独的)

adjunct [ˈædʒʌŋkt] n. 附加物，附件；附加语，修饰语

记词根记忆：ad + junct(结合，连接) → 连在上面的东西→ 附加物

例 Alternative medicine appears to be an adjunct , sought in times of disenchantment when conventional medicine seems not to offer the answer. 替代医学似乎变成了一种附加物。在传统医学因为无法提供答案而令人倍感失望的时候，人们发现了替代医学。

adjust * [əˈdʒʌst] v. 校准；调节；使…适应

记词根记忆：ad + just(正确) → 使正确→ 校准；调节；使…适应

搭 adjust a policy 调整政策；adjust expenses to income 量入为出；adjust a watch 调表；adjust to 适应，调节

例 Research shows that older readers are having difficulty in adjusting to texts without pictures. 调查显示，年纪较大的读者在阅读那些不带图画的文章时比较费劲。

administer * [ədˈmɪnɪstə(r)] v . 掌管；给予

搭 administer to 有助于；给予

例 The personnel director administers the attendance policy. 人事经理负责考勤。// Doctors can administer curative drugs to treat lung cancer. 医生可以开一些医疗药物来治疗肺癌。

administration * [ədˌmɪnɪ ˈstreɪʃn] n. 管理(部门)；行政(机关)

记联想记忆：ad + ministr(看作minister，部长) + ation → 部长的工作→ 管理；行政

例 The administration office is opposite the car park on the left.管理办公室在停车场的对面左边。

administrative * [ədˈmɪnɪstrətɪv] a. 管理的，行政的

例 Jack used to work in an administrative position. 杰克曾担任行政工作。

administrator * [ədˈmɪnɪstreɪtə(r)] n. 管理者，管理人员；行政人员

例 For sports administrators we provide a four - month certificate course. 对于体育管理人员，我们提供为期四个月的证书课程。

admission [ədˈmɪʃn] n. 允许进入，加入权，进入权；招供，招认；入场券

记词根记忆：ad(表加强) + miss(送) + ion → 允许送入→ 允许进入

例 If you have any questions, please contact the Admissions & Information Office. 如果你有任何问题，请与招生信息办公室联系。

admit * [ədˈmit] v. 承认；准许…进入；准许…加入

记词根记忆：ad(表加强) + mit(送) → 能送进去→ 准许…进入

例 Bill was forced to admit that he had cheated on the test. 比尔被迫承认他在考试中作弊了。

派 admittance(n. 进入权；进入)

adobe [əˈdəʊbi] n. 土坯，泥砖

例 Gharib has already been contacted by a civil engineer in Nicaragua, who wants to put up buildings with adobe roofs supported by concrete arches on a site that heavy equipment can't reach. 尼加拉瓜的一名土木工程师联系了加里卜，该工程师想在一个地方建造由混凝土拱支撑的砖顶大楼，但是重型设备到不了该地。

adolescence [ˌædəˈlesns] n. 青春，青春期

记联想记忆：ado(看作adult，成年人) + lescence(看作licence，许可证) → 青少年即将拿到成年的许可证→ 青春，青春期

例 Adolescence brings about major changes in a young person's body and mind. 青春期给年轻人的身心带来巨大改变。

adolescent [ˌædəˈlesnt] n. 青少年 a. 青春期的；青少年的

记联想记忆：adol(看作adult，成年人) + esc(计算机上退出键) + ent(人) → 好想从成年人退回到青少年→ 青少年

搭 an adolescent girl 一个妙龄少女

例 The adolescent always respects parents who admit their mistakes. 青少年往往尊敬能承认错误的父母。

adopt * [əˈdɒpt] v. 采用，采取，采纳；收养，领养；正式通过，批准

记联想记忆：这个被收养(adopt)的孩子必须适应(adapt)新的环境

搭 adopt the new policy 通过新政策；adopt a new technique 采用新技术

例 After becoming independent of the local authority and adopting its new title, our College continued to build on its first class reputation. 自从我们学院脱离当地部门并改了新名之后，就一直致力于打造一所一流院校。

advance [ədˈvɑːns] a. 预先的；先行的 v. 前进，向前移动；取得进展；预付 n. 前进，前移；增长，提高；预付(款等)

搭 in advance 预先，提前；book in advance 提前预订

例 It is essential to reserve a computer three days in advance if you want to use one. 如果你想使用电脑，最好提前三天预订。

advanced * [ədˈvɑːnst] a. 先进的

例 Prehistoric Amazonians developed technology and art that were advanced for their time. 史前亚马逊人创造了当时先进的技术和艺术。

2025-09-02

英语

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能力成熟度模型(CMMI)

软考

CL0(未完成的):过程域未执行或未得到CL1中定义的所有目标。

CL1(已执行的):其共性目标是过程将可标识的输入工作产品转换成可标识的输出工作产品，以实现支持过程域

的特定目标。

CL2(已管理的):其共性目标是集中于已管理的过程的制度化。根据组织级政策规定过程的运作将使用哪个过

程，项目遵循已文档化的计划和过程描述，所有正在工作的人都有权使用足够的资源，所有工作任务和工作产品都

被监控、控制和评审。

CL3(已定义级的):其共性目标集中于已定义的过程的制度化。过程是按照组织的裁剪指南从组织的标准过程中

裁剪得到的，还必须收集过程资产和过程的度量，并用于将来对过程的改进。

CL4(定量管理的):其共性目标集中于可定量管理的过程的制度化。使用测量和质量保证来控制和改进过程域

建立和使用关于质量和过程执行的质量目标作为管理准则。

CL5(优化的):使用量化(统计学)手段改变和优化过程域，以满足客户的改变和持续改进计划中的过程域的功

效。

2025-09-02

软考

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9.1单词

英语

abandon [əˈbændən] vt. 放弃，遗弃

记联想记忆：a + band(乐队) + on → 乐队解散，放弃演出→ 放弃

例 She and her tribe had to abandon their lands and retreat to Canada. 她和她的部落被迫放弃了土地，退到加拿大。

派 abandonment(n. 放弃，遗弃)

abate [əˈbeɪt] v. 减轻；降价

记联想记忆：a(表加强) + bate(减弱，减少) → 减轻

例 After the closedown of the airport, noise pollution abated . 机场关闭后，噪音污染减轻了。

abhorrent [əbˈhɒrənt] a. 可恶的，可恨的

记词根记忆：ab(表加强) + horr(发抖) + ent(形容词后缀) → 让人发抖的→可恶的，可恨的

例 As far as I'm concerned, the practice of killing rare wild animals for food and money is utterly abhorrent and should be punished by law. 我认为，为获取食物和金钱而猎杀珍稀野生动物的行径可恶至极，应该受到法律的制裁。

abide [əˈbaɪd] v. 停留，逗留；容忍，忍受

记词根记忆：a + bide(停留) → 停留，逗留

搭 abide by 遵守，遵循

例 Anyone can abide by what he or she said, but it doesn't mean all of them are correct. 任何人都可以坚持自己所说的话，但这并不意味着他们全都是正确的。

ability * [əˈbɪləti] n. 能力；本领；才能

搭 have the ability to do sth. 有做…的能力；to the best of one's ability 尽全力

例 Classes are organised according to ability level. 根据能力水平进行分班。

abode * [əˈbəʊd] n. 房屋，家，住所

搭 right of abode 居住权；fixed abode 固定住所；permanent abode 永久住所

例 I do not dare to linger in that gloom-hidden abode . 我不敢在那个隐没于黑暗中的房屋里逗留。

abolish [əˈbɒlɪʃ] vt. 废止，废除

例 The ancient Olympics were abolished by the Roman Emperor Theodosius in 393 AD, after Greece lost its independence. 在希腊丧失主权之后，罗马皇帝狄奥多西于公元393 年废除了古代奥林匹克运动会。

同 annul(vt. 废除，取消)；destroy(vt. 破坏，消灭)

abound * [əˈbaʊnd] vi. 富于；充满

记联想记忆：a(一个) + bound(界限，范围) → 所有物品都在一个范围内→富于；充满

例 The mountain streams abound with fish. 山溪里有许多鱼。

absent * [ˈæbsənt] a. 不在场的；心不在焉的

记词根记忆：ab(离去) + sent(送) → 送走→ 不在场的

例 Why were you absent from my birthday party yesterday? 你昨天怎么没来参加我的生日派对呢？

派 absence(n. 缺席，不在；缺乏)

absenteeism * [ˌæbsənˈtiːɪzəm] n. 旷课；旷工

记联想记忆：absent(缺席) + ee(表人) + ism → 旷课；旷工

例 In an attempt to reduce the level of absenteeism amongst employees, the company introduced three different strategies. 该公司采用了三种不同的策略，希望以此降低员工的旷工率。

absolute * [ˈæbsəluːt] a. 完全的，绝对的，纯粹的

记词根记忆：ab(表加强) + solut(松开) + e → 完全松开→ 完全的，绝对的，纯粹的

搭 absolute trust 绝对信任；absolute zero 绝对零度

例 There is no absolute standard for beauty. 美没有绝对的标准。

absorb * [əbˈsɔːb] v. 吸收；吸引…的注意，使全神贯注；把…并入，同化

记词根记忆：ab(离去) + sorb(吸收) → 吸收掉→ 吸收

搭 be absorbed into/in 全神贯注于…

例 Trees can absorb carbon dioxide. 树木可以吸收二氧化碳。// The writer was so absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar. 作家全神贯注地写作，忘了弹去雪茄烟的烟灰。

派 absorption(n. 吸收)

abstract [ˈæbstrækt] a. 抽象的；抽象派的 n. 摘要，梗概；抽象 [æbˈstrækt] vt. 摘要，提炼；抽象化

记词根记忆：abs + tract(拉，抽) → 抽象化

搭 abstract noun 抽象名词；abstract science 抽象科学

例 Thus, we concluded that the blind interpret abstract shapes as sighted people do. 于是，我们得出结论：盲人与视力正常者对抽象形状的理解是一样的。

派 abstracted(a. 抽象的)

abstraction [æbˈstrækʃn] n. 抽象

例 Logic, rationality and abstraction have their origins in the left hemisphere. 逻辑、推理和抽象思维都源自大脑左半球。

absurd [əbˈsɜːd] a. 荒谬的，荒唐的

例 Wearing a swimming suit during a snowstorm is absurd. 下雪天穿泳装可真荒唐。

派 absurdism(n. 荒诞主义)

同 ridiculous(a. 荒谬的，可笑的)

abundance * [əˈbʌndəns] n. 大量，丰富，充足，充裕

记来自abundant(a. 丰富的，充裕的)

搭 in abundance 丰富

例 At the party, there was food and drink in abundance . 宴会上，食品和饮料供应充足。

同 profusion(n. 丰富)；affluence(n. 富足)；wealth( n. 大量)

反 scarcity(n. 缺乏，不足)；deficiency(n. 缺少)

abuse * [əˈbjuːs] n. 滥用，妄用；虐待，伤害；辱骂，毁谤 [əˈbjuːz] v. 滥用，妄用；虐待，伤害；辱骂，毁谤

记词根记忆：ab(偏离) + us(使用) + e → 使用不当→ 滥用

搭 drug abuse 滥用药物，吸毒；abuse one's authority/office 滥用权威/职权；child abuse 虐待儿童；verbal abuse 口头谩骂

例 Biometrics may raise thorny questions about privacy and the potential for abuse . 生物测定学可能会引起棘手的隐私问题，也可能导致对此技术的滥用。

academic [ˌækəˈdemɪk] a. 学院的；学术的；不切实际的 n. 学者；大学教师

搭 academic achievements 学术成就；academic study 学术研究；academic problems 学术问题；academic teaching staff 师资力量

例 Once in higher education, you can apply for a loan at any time in the academic year. 进入高校以后，你就可以在学年内的任何时间申请贷款。

派 academically(ad. 学术上)；academia(n. 学术界；学术生涯)

accelerate [əkˈseləreɪt] v. 加速；促进

记词根记忆：ac(=to) + celer( 快速的) + ate( 使…) → 加速；促进

例 The leader lost ground as the rest of the runners accelerated . 领先者在其余赛跑者加速时逐渐失去了优势。

acceptable * [əkˈseptəbl] a. 可接受的

例 The salesman's attitude is simply not acceptable by the customers. 那个售货员的态度是顾客所不能接受的。

access * [ˈækses] vt. 进入；使用 n. 通道，入径；机会；权利

记词根记忆：ac + cess(走) → 走进去→ 进入

搭 access to 接近/进入…的方法/通路；使用…的权利；have/gain access to可以获得

例 The students could access the Internet in the library. 学生们可以在图书馆上网。

accessible [əkˈsesəbl] a. 能接近的；易达到的

例 He pointed his telescope to every accessible part of the sky and recorded what he saw. 他将望远镜指向天空中所有可以达到的地方，并记录下所看到的。

accessory * [əkˈsesəri] n. 附件，零件； [ 常pl.] (尤指女性的)服装搭配物，装饰品；【律】同谋，帮凶

记联想记忆：ac(附近) + cess(走) + ory → 接近主体部件→ 附件，零件

搭 accessory to …的附件

例 The uniforms for women in the company were white frocks decorated with purple, white and green accessories . 这家公司的女式工作服是配有紫色、白色和绿色装饰物的白色裙装。

acclaim * [əˈkleɪm] vt. 向…欢呼，为…喝彩 n. 称赞；欢迎

记词根记忆：ac(向) + claim(大声呼喊) → 向某人大声叫喊→ 向…欢呼，为…喝彩

搭 win worldwide acclaim 赢得广泛的赞誉；receive great acclaim 备受赞扬

例 There's lots to see and to do, including the internationally- acclaimed climbing wall built on the site of the old aquarium. 这里有很多可看的和可玩的，其中包括那个建在水族馆旧址上享誉世界的攀岩墙。

派 acclaimed(a. 受欢呼的，受称赞的)

同 cheer(v. 欢呼，喝彩)

acclimatise * [əˈklaɪmətaɪz] v. (使…)服水土；(使…)适应新环境

例 After a couple of days to acclimatise yourself, you'll start the trek on day three walking through the enormous Katiba Forest which will take the whole of the day. 前两天让自己适应环境，第三天要开始徒步穿越巨大的卡蒂巴森林，这需要一整天的时间。

accommodation * [əˌkɒməˈdeɪʃn] n. 住处，膳宿；适应，调节

记联想记忆：ac + commod(看作common，普通的) + ation( 名词后缀) → 再普通的人都需要住处→ 住处，膳宿

搭 student accommodation 学生宿舍；accom - modation facilities 住宿设施

例 If you are booking accommodation through the school, your course and accommodation deposit will be $200. 如果你通过学校预订食宿，你的课程和膳宿押金是200 美元。

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9.2单词

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9.1单词